weight control
diabetes control
recovery
performance
longevity
cognition
In human studies, intake of ketones has proven protective of muscles with a ~70% lowered loss in muscle mass and ~100% increase in energy supply (glycogen). Lactate may prevent muscle loss.
Science
Ketone is at present best studied. Ketone is supporting muscle protein synthesis e.g. via rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Lactate is a major energy source, gluconeogenic precursor, and an important signalling molecule. Animal studies suggest that intake of lactate reduces muscular atrophy after calory restriction.