weight control
diabetes control
recovery
performance
longevity
cognition
In human studies, oral lactate and ketone intake are shown to reduce appetite by ~25% and slow gastric emptying by ~1 hour, thereby supporting weight loss.
Science
A lowered level of the hunger-inducing hormone Ghrelin, and increased levels of the satiety-inducing hormones LEAP2, GLP1, and Lac-Phe (the latter two via lactate). The hormonal effect last for at least 4 hours after intake. Oral route is more effective than parenteral.